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Conductor Ampacity

Pick the gauge (AWG/mm²), material and insulation and I compute the ampacity corrected for ambient temperature and conductor grouping, per NEC 310.16, and whether it carries your current.

Copper base per NEC 310.16. Aluminum ≈ 78 % of copper.

The base ampacity comes from this column. The equipment terminal may limit it to 60/75 °C.

Correction factor relative to 30 °C. Range 2150 °C.

cond.

Current-carrying wires in the same conduit or tray. 1–3 = no adjustment (×1.00).

A

If given, I compare the corrected ampacity against your current. Leave it blank to skip.

Examples
redzilla.cl — ampacity
 
Corrected ampacity
Base ampacity
Carries the load?
enter the load current
Corrected
Base
Factors

Calculation breakdown

ItemValueDetail
How it is computed · NEC 310.16

1. Base ampacity from the gauge and the insulation column (60/75/90 °C) of NEC table 310.16, copper. Aluminum is estimated as ≈ 78 % of copper.

2. Ambient temperature factor (base 30 °C): 21–25=1.05 · 26–30=1.00 · 31–35=0.94 · 36–40=0.88 · 41–45=0.82 · 46–50=0.75.

3. Grouping factor for current-carrying conductors [NEC 310.15(B)]: 1–3=1.00 · 4–6=0.80 · 7–9=0.70 · 10–20=0.50.

4. Corrected ampacity = base × f_temp × f_group. If you enter the load current, it is compared against this value.

! Reference values under a simplified model of 310.16. A real design may also require the terminal limit (60/75 °C), adjustments for more than 20 conductors, correction for sun exposure or burial, and local rules. Always verify against the current code and with a professional.

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How it works

The calculator returns the ampacity (maximum allowable current) of a conductor based on its AWG gauge (14 through 4/0), material (copper or aluminum) and insulation column (60, 75 or 90 °C), using the NEC 310.16 table for copper as the base; aluminum is estimated as 78 % of the copper value. If you also enter your load current, it tells you whether the conductor can carry it and with how much margin.

Two correction factors are applied on top of the base ampacity: one for ambient temperature other than 30 °C (from ×1.05 at 25 °C down to ×0.75 at 50 °C) and one for bundling of current-carrying conductors in the same conduit or tray per NEC 310.15(B) (×1.00 up to 3 conductors, ×0.80 for 4-6, ×0.70 for 7-9 and ×0.50 for 10-20). The final formula is corrected ampacity = base × f_temp × f_group. It is a simplified reference model: a real project must also check terminal ratings and the applicable local code.

Example: 6 AWG copper THWN at 40 °C with 5 conductors in the conduit

  1. Base ampacity of 6 AWG Cu in the 75 °C column: 65 A.
  2. Ambient temperature factor for 40 °C (36-40 °C band): ×0.88.
  3. Bundling factor for 5 current-carrying conductors (4-6 band): ×0.80.
  4. Corrected ampacity: 65 × 0.88 × 0.80 = 45.8 A. A 40 A load is supported with roughly 5.8 A of margin.

Frequently asked questions

How many amps can a 12 AWG or 10 AWG wire carry?
In copper at the 75 °C column (THW/THWN), 12 AWG has a base ampacity of 25 A and 10 AWG has 35 A, under standard conditions (30 °C, up to 3 bundled conductors). With heat or more conductors in the same conduit those values drop due to the correction factors. Additionally, for common circuits the NEC caps 12 AWG protection at 20 A and 10 AWG at 30 A.
What happens if I put more conductors in the same conduit?
The ampacity of all of them drops because they dissipate heat less effectively: with 4 to 6 current-carrying conductors a ×0.80 factor applies, with 7 to 9 it is ×0.70, and from 10 to 20 it is ×0.50, per NEC 310.15(B). A 12 AWG copper conductor at 75 °C goes from 25 A to only 12.5 A if it shares the conduit with 9 or more other current-carrying conductors.
What is the difference between the 60, 75 and 90 °C columns?
They correspond to the maximum temperature the conductor insulation tolerates: TW/UF are 60 °C, THW/THWN/XHHW are 75 °C, and THHN/THWN-2/XHHW-2 are 90 °C. The higher the column, the higher the base ampacity for the same gauge. Caution: even if the wire is rated 90 °C, if the breaker or equipment terminal is certified at 75 °C you must limit the result to the 75 °C column.
Do copper and aluminum of the same gauge carry the same current?
No. For the same gauge, aluminum carries less: the calculator estimates it as 78 % of the copper value, consistent with the NEC 310.16 table. That is why, for the same current, aluminum usually requires one or two gauge sizes larger than copper.
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