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Frequency & Wavelength

Enter frequency, wavelength or period and get the others, in vacuum or in a medium with its velocity factor (coax, fiber). The basis for antennas, cables and RF.

Pick whether you enter frequency, wavelength or period; the rest are computed.

v = VF · c. Vacuum/air ≈ 1.0; coax 0.66–0.85; fiber ≈ 0.68.

Typical bands
redzilla.cl — wave
 
f
λ
T
λ/4
Wavelength (λ)
Quarter wave (λ/4)
monopole / stub
Half wave (λ/2)
dipole

All quantities

QuantityValueFormula

How it is computed · f, λ, T and antennas

1. In vacuum waves travel at c = 299,792,458 m/s. In a medium the speed drops: v = VF · c, where VF is the velocity factor (coax ≈ 0.66–0.85; fiber ≈ 0.68 from n ≈ 1.47).

2. Frequency and wavelength are inverse: λ = v / f and f = v / λ. The period is T = 1 / f.

3. For antennas: λ/4 (a quarter wave) gives the length of a monopole or a stub; λ/2 is a dipole. Use the λ of the element's medium (with its VF).

4. Example: 2.4 GHz in vacuum → λ = 3·10⁸ / 2.4·10⁹ ≈ 12.49 cm, T ≈ 0.417 ns and λ/4 ≈ 3.12 cm.

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How it works

The converter takes a single input (frequency, wavelength or period, in the unit you choose: Hz to THz, nm to m, ps to s) and computes the other two, plus the quarter wave (λ/4) and half wave (λ/2) used to size monopoles, stubs and dipoles. You can work in a vacuum or inside a medium by entering its velocity factor (VF): RG-58 coax ≈ 0.66, LMR-400 ≈ 0.85, optical fiber ≈ 0.68.

The formulas are the standard wave-propagation ones: the speed in the medium is v = VF · c with c = 299,792,458 m/s, the wavelength is λ = v / f, the frequency f = v / λ and the period T = 1 / f. Results are shown with the most convenient SI prefix (GHz, cm, ns) and also in a table with the formula used for each quantity.

Example: how long is the 2.4 GHz WiFi wave?

  1. In a vacuum (VF = 1) the speed is c = 299,792,458 m/s.
  2. Wavelength: λ = c / f = 299,792,458 / 2.4·10⁹ ≈ 12.49 cm.
  3. Period: T = 1 / f ≈ 0.417 ns; quarter wave: λ/4 ≈ 3.12 cm (typical length of a 2.4 GHz monopole).

Frequently asked questions

What is the wavelength of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz?
In air, 2.4 GHz has a wavelength of about 12.5 cm and 5 GHz about 6 cm. That is why 5 GHz antennas are shorter and that band attenuates more through walls: the shorter the wavelength, the less diffraction around obstacles.
What is the velocity factor of a cable and why does it matter?
It is the fraction of the speed of light at which the signal travels inside the medium (v = VF · c). In coax it ranges from 0.66 (RG-58) to 0.85 (LMR-400) and in fiber it is around 0.68 (index n ≈ 1.47). It matters because the wavelength inside the cable shrinks by the same proportion: a λ/4 stub cut with the air wavelength would end up too long.
What is the difference between a λ/4 monopole and a λ/2 dipole?
The monopole uses a quarter-wave element over a ground plane that provides the other half; the dipole uses two arms that add up to half a wave and needs no ground plane. For 2.4 GHz that means a monopole of about 3.1 cm or a dipole of about 6.2 cm.
Does the tool work offline?
Yes. All the math runs in your browser with JavaScript: no data is sent to any server and you can use it without internet once the page has loaded.
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Disclaimer We take great care to keep every tool accurate and review it thoroughly; even so, we can't guarantee it is free of errors or take responsibility for how the results are used. We recommend double-checking anything critical.
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