Data Converter
Enter a value and its unit and convert it to every other: bits, bytes and the decimal (SI, base 1000) and binary (IEC, base 1024) multiples. 1 Byte = 8 bits. Nothing is sent to any server.
Decimal · SI (base 1000)
| Unit | Value | In bytes |
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Binary · IEC (base 1024)
| Unit | Value | In bytes |
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SI vs IEC · why a 1 TB disk is 0.909 TiB
1. There are two families of
prefixes. The decimal ones (SI) are powers of
1000: kB=10³ B, MB=10⁶,
GB=10⁹, TB=10¹². The binary ones (IEC)
are powers of 1024: KiB=2¹⁰ B,
MiB=2²⁰, GiB=2³⁰, TiB=2⁴⁰.
2. The IEC 60027-2 standard
created the Ki/Mi/Gi/Ti prefixes (kibi, mebi, gibi, tebi)
precisely to remove the ambiguity: a kB is 1000 bytes, a
KiB is 1024 bytes.
3. Disk manufacturers use the
decimal system: 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes. The
operating system usually measures in binary, so it divides
by 1024⁴:
1·10¹² / 2⁴⁰ ≈ 0.909 TiB. That is why the disk "looks" smaller.
4. The difference grows with scale: ~2.3 % at kilo, ~4.6 % at mega, ~6.9 % at giga and ~9.1 % at tera. No space is missing: only the unit it is measured in changes.
5. Network speeds are in
bits (Mbps), not bytes. 1 Byte = 8 bits, so
divide by 8 to go from bits to bytes.
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